Meanings are universal, but expressions are parochial; and even within one language a single meaning can be expressed in a variety of ways. We are indeed fortunate that deep poetic thoughts are multi-leveled and that a translator, working with the nuances of his native language, may select from any of these levels or supply an interpretation that differs slightly from another translator's version.

In the spirit of Zen, we welcome different interpretations of the poems on our website.